In his groundbreaking book Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America, Vivek Bald uses newspaper articles, census...
GMAT Standard English Conventions : (Grammar) Questions
In his groundbreaking book Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America, Vivek Bald uses newspaper articles, census records, ships' logs, and memoirs to tell the ________ who made New York City their home in the early twentieth century.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
story's of the South Asian immigrants
story's of the South Asian immigrants'
stories of the South Asian immigrants
stories' of the South Asian immigrant's
Let's begin by understanding the meaning of this sentence. We'll use our understanding of pause points and segment the sentence as shown - understanding and assimilating the meaning of each segment bit by bit!
Sentence Structure
- In his groundbreaking book Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America,
- Vivek Bald
- uses newspaper articles, census records, ships' logs, and memoirs
- to tell the [story/stories(?)] of the South Asian immigrant[s(?)],
- who made New York City their home
- in the early twentieth century.
- who made New York City their home
- to tell the [story/stories(?)] of the South Asian immigrant[s(?)],
- uses newspaper articles, census records, ships' logs, and memoirs
- Vivek Bald
Understanding the Meaning
Let's read from the beginning:
"In his groundbreaking book Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America"
- This sets the context - we're talking about a book that Vivek Bald wrote
- The book is about South Asian history in America
"Vivek Bald uses newspaper articles, census records, ships' logs, and memoirs"
- He's gathering information from multiple different sources
- These are historical documents and personal accounts
"to tell the ____"
- This is where we have the blank
Let's look at the choices:
- A. story's of the South Asian immigrants
- B. story's of the South Asian immigrants'
- C. stories of the South Asian immigrants
- D. stories' of the South Asian immigrant's
We're deciding between:
- story vs. stories (singular vs. plural)
- Where apostrophes go (or if they're needed at all)
To see what works here, let's read the rest of the sentence and understand what it's saying!
"to tell the ____ of the South Asian immigrants who made New York City their home in the early twentieth century"
Now let's understand what this is telling us:
- Bald is telling something ABOUT "South Asian immigrants" (plural - multiple people)
- These are the people who came to NYC in the early 1900s
- He's using many different sources (newspapers, records, logs, memoirs)
- This suggests he's capturing diverse, individual experiences
So the complete picture is:
- Vivek Bald is using various sources to tell the stories (plural - multiple accounts) of multiple immigrants
What do we notice about the structure here?
- "stories of the South Asian immigrants"
- "stories" needs to be simple plural (multiple stories)
- "of the South Asian immigrants" is a phrase telling us what the stories are ABOUT
- "immigrants" needs to be simple plural (multiple people)
- We're not showing possession (something belonging to someone)
- We're just talking about multiple stories and multiple people
- The word "of" already shows the relationship between the stories and the immigrants
- So we don't need any apostrophes - just plural forms
The correct answer is C: "stories of the South Asian immigrants"
- "stories" - plural, no apostrophe
- "immigrants" - plural, no apostrophe
GRAMMAR CONCEPT APPLIED
Understanding Plurals vs. Possessives: When to Use Apostrophes
Apostrophes have specific jobs - they show possession (ownership) or contractions. They are NOT used to make regular plural forms:
Simple Plural (just multiple of something) - NO apostrophe:
- The immigrants arrived in New York
- These stories reveal important history
- Multiple things/people, just add -s or -es
Possessive (showing ownership/belonging) - YES apostrophe:
- The immigrant's journey (singular: one immigrant's journey)
- The immigrants' experiences (plural: belonging to multiple immigrants)
- Something belongs to someone, add apostrophe
The key test: Ask yourself "Is something belonging to someone, or do I just have multiple of something?"
In this question:
- "stories of the South Asian immigrants"
- stories = just plural (multiple stories) → no apostrophe
- immigrants = just plural (multiple people) → no apostrophe
- The word "of" shows the relationship (stories ABOUT immigrants)
- No ownership is happening, so no apostrophes needed
Another example to show the difference:
- "The stories of the students" → simple plurals, no possession
- "The student's story" → one student possesses/has a story
- "The students' stories" → multiple students possess/have stories
story's of the South Asian immigrants
"story's of the South Asian immigrants"
✗ Incorrect
- "story's" with an apostrophe means either "story is" (contraction) or something belonging to a story (possessive)
- We need the simple plural "stories" (multiple stories), not a possessive form
- Additionally, "story" (singular) doesn't fit the context of multiple immigrants with diverse experiences being documented through various sources
story's of the South Asian immigrants'
"story's of the South Asian immigrants'"
✗ Incorrect
- Has the same "story's" problem as Choice A - incorrectly uses a possessive apostrophe when we need simple plural
- Also incorrectly adds an apostrophe to "immigrants'" making it possessive (belonging to the immigrants)
- But "of the immigrants" already shows the relationship - the stories are ABOUT the immigrants, not belonging TO them
stories of the South Asian immigrants
✓ Correct
Correct as explained in the solution above.
stories' of the South Asian immigrant's
"stories' of the South Asian immigrant's"
✗ Incorrect
- "stories'" with an apostrophe after the 's' would mean something belonging to multiple stories
- We need simple plural "stories," not possessive
- "immigrant's" with an apostrophe is possessive singular, which doesn't match the context of multiple people
- Should be "immigrants" (simple plural, no apostrophe)