The following text is from Milan Kundera's 1984 novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being (translated by Michael Henry Heim in...
GMAT Information and Ideas : (Ideas) Questions
The following text is from Milan Kundera's 1984 novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being (translated by Michael Henry Heim in 1984). Karenin is a dog that belongs to Tomas and Tereza.
Karenin was not overjoyed by the move to Switzerland [from Prague]. Karenin hated change. Dog time cannot be plotted along a straight line; it does not move on and on, from one thing to the next. It moves in a circle like the hands of a clock, which—they, too, unwilling to dash madly ahead—turn round and round the face, day in and day out following the same path. In Prague, when Tomas and Tereza bought a new chair or moved a flower pot, Karenin would look on in displeasure. It disturbed his sense of time. It was as though they were trying to dupe the hands of the clock by changing the numbers on its face.
©1984 by Milan Kundera. Translation ©1984 by Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
As a dog, Karenin possesses a sense of time that involves a strong preference for predictability and an aversion to disruption.
After he's moved to a new home, Karenin's negative response to changes has become more pronounced.
Similar to Tomas and Tereza, Karenin comprehends time as circular rather than as a straightforward progression.
As is the case for other dogs, Karenin's sense of time seems to accelerate depending on the objects and places that surround him.
Step 1: Decode and Map the Passage
Create Passage Analysis Table
| Text from Passage | Analysis |
|---|---|
| 'Karenin was not overjoyed by the move to Switzerland [from Prague].' |
|
| 'Karenin hated change.' |
|
| 'Dog time cannot be plotted along a straight line; it does not move on and on, from one thing to the next.' |
|
| 'It moves in a circle like the hands of a clock, which—they, too, unwilling to dash madly ahead—turn round and round the face, day in and day out following the same path.' |
|
Provide Passage Architecture & Core Elements
Main Point: Karenin experiences time as a circular, predictable pattern and becomes distressed when changes disrupt this cyclical sense of time.
Argument Flow: The passage opens by establishing that Karenin dislikes change, then explains this stems from his fundamentally different experience of time as circular rather than linear.
Step 2: Interpret the Question Precisely
- What's being asked? The main idea of the entire text
- What type of answer do we need? A statement that captures the central message about Karenin and his relationship to time/change
- Any limiting keywords? 'Main idea' means we need the overarching point, not a specific detail
Step 3: Prethink the Answer
- The right answer should explain that Karenin, as a dog, experiences time in a way that makes him strongly prefer predictable patterns and resist any changes that disrupt those patterns.
As a dog, Karenin possesses a sense of time that involves a strong preference for predictability and an aversion to disruption.
✓ Correct
- Captures Karenin's essential nature as having a 'sense of time' with 'strong preference for predictability' and includes his 'aversion to disruption' which matches our analysis.
After he's moved to a new home, Karenin's negative response to changes has become more pronounced.
✗ Incorrect
- Focuses specifically on the move to Switzerland making his responses 'more pronounced' but the passage doesn't compare his reactions before vs. after the move.
Similar to Tomas and Tereza, Karenin comprehends time as circular rather than as a straightforward progression.
✗ Incorrect
- Claims he comprehends time 'similar to Tomas and Tereza' which contradicts the passage distinguishing 'dog time' as fundamentally different.
As is the case for other dogs, Karenin's sense of time seems to accelerate depending on the objects and places that surround him.
✗ Incorrect
- Claims his 'sense of time seems to accelerate' but the passage describes circular, consistent time patterns, not acceleration.