While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the Urban Green Initiative. Urban areas face significant environmental challenges including habitat loss and ecosystem degradation. Concrete surfaces prevent natural water absorption and eliminate native plant communities. Industrial waste contamination destroys wetland ecosystems that support wildlife. Her downtown park project addressed these issues by removing concrete to plant native species. Her waterfront initiative solved contamination problems by restoring wetlands that had been filled with industrial waste.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the...

GMAT Expression of Ideas : (Expression) Questions

Source: Prism

Expression of Ideas

Rhetorical Synthesis

EASY

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Notes

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the Urban Green Initiative.
Urban areas face significant environmental challenges including habitat loss and ecosystem degradation.
Concrete surfaces prevent natural water absorption and eliminate native plant communities.
Industrial waste contamination destroys wetland ecosystems that support wildlife.
Her downtown park project addressed these issues by removing concrete to plant native species.
Her waterfront initiative solved contamination problems by restoring wetlands that had been filled with industrial waste.

The student wants to emphasize how restoration projects solve specific environmental problems. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the Urban Green Initiative, addressing various environmental challenges.

Urban Green Initiative coordinator Maria Gonzalez has completed projects including downtown park restoration and waterfront wetland restoration.

Urban areas face environmental challenges such as concrete surfaces that prevent water absorption and industrial waste that destroys wetlands, problems that restoration coordinator Maria Gonzalez addresses by removing concrete to plant native species and restoring contaminated wetlands.

Maria Gonzalez's restoration work focuses on solving habitat loss through native plantings and addressing contamination through wetland restoration.

Solution

Step 1: Decode and Map the Passage

Part A: Create Passage Analysis Table

Text from Passage	Analysis
"Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the Urban Green Initiative."	What it says: MG = restoration coordinator, Urban Green Initiative What it does: Introduces the main person and her role What it is: Background context
"Urban areas face significant environmental challenges including habitat loss and ecosystem degradation."	What it says: Cities = habitat loss + ecosystem problems What it does: Explains the general problems urban areas face What it is: Problem statement
"Concrete surfaces prevent natural water absorption and eliminate native plant communities."	What it says: Concrete blocks water + kills native plants What it does: Provides specific examples of urban environmental problems What it is: Detailed evidence
"Industrial waste contamination destroys wetland ecosystems that support wildlife."	What it says: Industrial waste destroys wetlands hurts wildlife What it does: Gives another specific environmental problem What it is: Detailed evidence
"Her downtown park project addressed these issues by removing concrete to plant native species."	What it says: MG park project = removed concrete + planted natives What it does: Shows how she solved the concrete/plant problems What it is: Solution example
"Her waterfront initiative solved contamination problems by restoring wetlands that had been filled with industrial waste."	What it says: MG waterfront project = restored wetlands from industrial waste What it does: Shows how she solved the contamination problems What it is: Solution example

Part B: Provide Passage Architecture & Core Elements

Visual Structure Map: [BACKGROUND: Maria Gonzalez = restoration coordinator] → [URBAN PROBLEMS] General: habitat loss + ecosystem degradation Specific Examples: Concrete blocks water + eliminates plants, Industrial waste destroys wetlands → [MARIA'S SOLUTIONS] Downtown park: removed concrete + planted natives, Waterfront: restored contaminated wetlands

Main Point: Maria Gonzalez addresses specific urban environmental problems through targeted restoration projects.

Argument Flow: The notes establish Maria's role, then outline the environmental challenges cities face, providing specific examples of concrete and industrial waste problems, before showing how her two projects directly address these specific issues.

Step 2: Interpret the Question Precisely

This is a fill-in-the-blank question asking us to choose the best logical connector. The answer must create the right relationship between what comes before and after the blank.

Step 3: Prethink the Answer

The correct answer must explicitly state specific environmental problems and show how restoration projects solve those exact problems
From our analysis, we have two clear problem-solution pairs: concrete surfaces that prevent water absorption (solved by removing concrete to plant natives) and industrial waste contamination that destroys wetlands (solved by restoring contaminated wetlands)
The right answer needs to make these connections crystal clear - not just list Maria's work or mention problems separately, but show the direct cause-and-effect relationship between specific problems and their restoration solutions
So the right answer should connect particular environmental challenges with the particular restoration methods that address them

Answer Choices Explained

Maria Gonzalez works as a restoration coordinator for the Urban Green Initiative, addressing various environmental challenges.

• ✗ Incorrect

States Maria's role and says she addresses challenges but doesn't specify what those challenges are
Fails to show the connection between specific problems and specific solutions
Too general to emphasize how restoration projects solve specific problems

Urban Green Initiative coordinator Maria Gonzalez has completed projects including downtown park restoration and waterfront wetland restoration.

• ✗ Incorrect

Lists her two projects but doesn't mention what environmental problems they solved
Doesn't connect the projects to any specific environmental challenges
Trap: Students might think listing the projects is enough, but the question specifically asks to emphasize how projects solve problems

• ✓ Correct

Clearly states specific problems: concrete surfaces preventing water absorption and industrial waste destroying wetlands
Directly connects these problems to Maria's specific solutions: removing concrete to plant native species and restoring contaminated wetlands
Shows the exact problem-solution relationships the question asks us to emphasize

Maria Gonzalez's restoration work focuses on solving habitat loss through native plantings and addressing contamination through wetland restoration.

• ✗ Incorrect

Mentions solutions (native plantings, wetland restoration) but doesn't clearly state what specific problems these solve
Vague reference to "habitat loss" and "contamination" without the specific details from the notes
Trap: Students might think mentioning restoration focuses is enough, but it doesn't emphasize how the projects solve specific environmental problems

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