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The following text is adapted from a 1962 diplomatic cable during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviet ambassador's response was...

GMAT Craft and Structure : (Structure) Questions

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Craft and Structure
Words in Context
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The following text is adapted from a 1962 diplomatic cable during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Soviet ambassador's response was carefully measured, neither confirming nor denying the allegations about missile installations. His words carried weight, yet offered little concrete information. When pressed for specifics, he provided only a shadow of clarification, maintaining the deliberate ambiguity that characterized these tense negotiations.

As used in the text, what does the word "shadow" most nearly mean?

A

Darkness

B

Reflection

C

Fragment

D

Follower

Solution

Step 1: Decode and Map the Passage

Part A: Create Passage Analysis Table

Text from Passage Analysis
"The Soviet ambassador's response was carefully measured, neither confirming nor denying the allegations about missile installations."
  • What it says: Ambassador = careful, won't confirm/deny missiles
  • What it does: Introduces the ambassador's cautious diplomatic approach
  • What it is: Context/opening description
"His words carried weight, yet offered little concrete information."
  • What it says: Words = important but vague
  • What it does: Explains the contradiction in his response - significant but unclear
  • What it is: Elaboration/contrast
"When pressed for specifics, he provided only a shadow of clarification, maintaining the deliberate ambiguity that characterized these tense negotiations."
  • What it says: When pushed → gave tiny bit of clarity, kept things unclear on purpose
  • What it does: Provides specific example of how he maintained vagueness when directly questioned
  • What it is: Example/evidence

Part B: Provide Passage Architecture & Core Elements

Main Point: The Soviet ambassador used deliberate ambiguity as a diplomatic strategy, providing responses that seemed significant but contained little concrete information.

Argument Flow: The passage establishes the ambassador's careful diplomatic approach, then shows the contradiction between the weight of his words and their lack of substance, and finally demonstrates through a specific example how he maintained this strategic ambiguity even when directly pressed for details.

Step 2: Interpret the Question Precisely

This is a fill-in-the-blank question asking us to choose the best logical connector. The answer must create the right relationship between what comes before and after the blank.

Step 3: Prethink the Answer

  • Looking at our analysis, the ambassador "provided only a shadow of clarification" when pressed for specifics
  • This comes right after we learned his words "carried weight, yet offered little concrete information"
  • The context shows he gave very little clarification - just a tiny amount or small piece of it
  • The word "only" emphasizes how minimal this clarification was
  • We need a word that captures the idea of "just a small amount" or "a tiny piece" of something
  • The right answer should convey that he gave barely any clarification at all - just a small fragment or portion of what was requested
Answer Choices Explained
A

Darkness

✗ Incorrect
  • "Darkness" is the literal meaning of shadow
  • Makes no sense in context - "only a darkness of clarification" is nonsensical
B

Reflection

✗ Incorrect
  • "Reflection" suggests a mirroring or copy of something
  • Doesn't fit - the ambassador isn't providing a reflection of clarification
C

Fragment

✓ Correct
  • "Fragment" means a small piece or portion of something
  • Perfectly captures the context - he provided only a small piece of clarification
  • Matches our prethinking about minimal/tiny amount
D

Follower

✗ Incorrect
  • "Follower" refers to someone who follows another person
  • Makes no grammatical or logical sense in this context
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