Urban planner Maria Santos has been implementing green infrastructure solutions to manage stormwater runoff in her city, such as installing...
GMAT Expression of Ideas : (Expression) Questions
Urban planner Maria Santos has been implementing green infrastructure solutions to manage stormwater runoff in her city, such as installing permeable pavements and constructing bioswales in commercial districts. _____ she has been establishing rooftop gardens on municipal buildings to reduce water volume and improve air quality.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
Furthermore,
On the other hand,
For instance,
In contrast,
Step 1: Decode and Map the Passage
Part A: Create Passage Analysis Table
| Text from Passage | Analysis |
|---|---|
| "Urban planner Maria Santos has been implementing green infrastructure solutions to manage stormwater runoff in her city, such as installing permeable pavements and constructing bioswales in commercial districts." |
|
| "[MISSING TRANSITION]" |
|
| "she has been establishing rooftop gardens on municipal buildings to reduce water volume and improve air quality." |
|
Part B: Provide Passage Architecture & Core Elements
Main Point: Urban planner Maria Santos is implementing multiple types of green infrastructure solutions in her city.
Argument Flow: The passage introduces Santos' green infrastructure work with specific examples, then continues with another example of her efforts. The missing connector needs to show this continuation or addition of similar activities.
Step 2: Interpret the Question Precisely
This is a fill-in-the-blank question asking us to choose the best logical connector. The answer must create the right relationship between what comes before and after the blank.
Step 3: Prethink the Answer
- The sentence before the blank describes Santos implementing green infrastructure (permeable pavements and bioswales)
- The sentence after describes Santos establishing rooftop gardens (another type of green infrastructure)
- Both actions serve similar environmental purposes and are part of her ongoing work
- We need a connector that shows continuation or addition of similar activities
- The right answer should signal that the rooftop gardens are another example of Santos' green infrastructure work, continuing the same type of activity mentioned before the blank
Furthermore,
- Shows addition and continuation of similar activities
- Perfectly connects Santos' previous green infrastructure work with her additional rooftop garden projects
- Maintains the flow showing multiple examples of her comprehensive approach
On the other hand,
- Signals contrast or opposition between ideas
- Would wrongly suggest rooftop gardens oppose or differ from her other green infrastructure work
For instance,
- Would make rooftop gardens an example of permeable pavements and bioswales specifically
- Creates illogical relationship since rooftop gardens aren't examples of pavements or bioswales
In contrast,
- Indicates opposition between the ideas before and after
- Both sentences describe complementary green infrastructure solutions, not contrasting approaches